David E. Goldschmidt, Ph.D.

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DUE: Tuesday 6/30

For this (and all) labs, you may use Microsoft Visual Studio, which is available at the VCC. Or you may use Cygwin, Linux, or a campus Unix machine (via ssh or SecureCRT). If you need help installing or setting up this software, just ask and we'll figure it out.

1. Type in the following C++ program exactly as shown (filling in the blanks on the first few lines):

   // Lab #1
   //
   // Name: your-name-here
   // Date: today's-date-here
   
   #include <iostream>
   using namespace std;
   
   int main()
   {
     cout << "Computer's are dumb until they're told what to do." << endl;
   
     return 0;
   }
   

2. Compile your code by selecting Build Solution from the Build menu in Microsoft Visual Studio. Or type the following compilation command into Cygwin/Linux:

   $ g++ -Wall filename.cpp
   

3. If you have any errors, try to fix them based on the error messages shown, then repeat step 2.
4. Execute (or "run") your code by selecting Start Without Debugging from the Debug menu in Microsoft Visual Studio. Or type a.out if you're using Cygwin/Linux.
5. If you do not see the following output, go back to step 1 and try again!

   WINDOWS:
   Computer's are dumb until they're told what to do.
   Press any key to continue . . .
   
   CYGWIN/LINUX:
   Computer's are dumb until they're told what to do.
   

6. Extend your program to output the following information about yourself (on separate lines): your name, your date of birth (including day of the week), your favorite food, and what you're doing this summer besides CS I. Here's example output:

   David Goldschmidt
   Wednesday, May 2, 1973
   French toast
   This summer, I'm trying to publish a children's book.
   

7. Convert (by hand) the following base 2 numbers, treating them first as unsigned integers, then as two's complement numbers. Next, extend your program to write the answers in the format shown below:

   10001000 ==> unsigned-base-10-answer
   11111110 ==> unsigned-base-10-answer
   1110110010001000 ==> unsigned-base-10-answer
   
   10001000 ==> two's-complement-base-10-answer
   11111110 ==> two's-complement-base-10-answer
   1110110010001000 ==> two's-complement-base-10-answer
   

8. Extend your program to output the letters of your first name in ALL-CAPS on a diagonal as shown below. Use only one cout statement and do not use endl.

   D
    A
     V
      I
       D
   

9. Extend step 8 to look like this:

   \D\
    \A\
     \V\
      \I\
       \D\
   

10. Use Google to find a famous (or not-so-famous) quote that you like. Extend your program to output the quote inside double-quotes, as in the following examples:

    Here's a great quote by Ernest Hemingway from THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA:
      "'I may not be as strong as I think,' the old man said.
       'But I know many tricks and I have resolution.'"
    
    Abraham Lincoln said:
      "Four score and seven years ago, ..."
    

11. As with all labs, once you have your code working, raise your hand and I'll check you off as done.

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DUE: Thursday 7/2

1. Write a program to convert a Fahrenheit temperature to its Centigrade equivalent. More specifically, prompt the user to enter degrees Fahrenheit, do the conversion (find the formula via Google), then display the results to the user.
2. Extend your program to display additional messages in the following special cases:
   1. Pure water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
   2. Pure water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit.
   3. Absolute zero is -273.15 degrees Celsius.
   4. Paper burns at 451 degrees Fahrenheit. extra credit: who's the main character of Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury?
   5. 98 Degrees is a stupid boy band.
3. Here's what your output should look like (with sample user input in bold):

   This program converts a Fahrenheit temperature to Centigrade.
   
   Please enter the Fahrenheit temperature: 212
   
   ==> 212 degrees Fahrenheit is equivalent to 100 degrees Celsius
   
   Hey, that's the boiling point of pure water!
   

4. Run your program multiple times, testing various values and cases.
5. Extend your program to first ask the user to specify the type of temperature value they'd like to enter (either 'f' for Fahrenheit or 'c' for Centigrade). If the user enters neither 'f' not 'c', display a nasty error message. Otherwise, perform the conversion. Here's some sample output:

   This program converts temperature values.
   Would you like to enter a temperature as Fahrenheit (f) or Centigrade (c)? c
   
   Please enter the Centigrade temperature: 100
   
   ==> 100 degrees Celsius is equivalent to 212 degrees Fahrenheit
   
   Hey, that's the boiling point of pure water!
   

   or

   This program converts temperature values.
   Would you like to enter a temperature as Fahrenheit (f) or Centigrade (c)? q
   
   I don't know what 'q' means.  Go away.
   

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DUE: Monday 7/6

1. Write a C++ program to work as a calculator using natural language. The program prompts the user to input a command and a series of operands. The computer performs the calculation and displays the result.
2. Commands include the following strings of characters: add, subtract, multiply, divide, and sqrt. Echo the command and its operands (as shown in the sample output below). If a user does not enter one of these commands, display a nasty error message and exit the program.
3. The number of operands that follow the command varies. For sqrt, only one operand is expected. For the other commands, any number of operands is allowed (process them left-to-right).
4. If the user attempts to take the square-root of a negative number, display an error message and exit the program.
5. If the user attempts to divide by zero, display an error message and exit the program.
6. Example output (with sample user input shown in bold) follows:

   command? add 400 500
   400 + 500 = 900
   command? add 400 500 600 700
   400 + 500 + 600 + 700 = 2200
   command? subtract 500 400 
   500 - 400 = 100
   command? multiply 600 0.5 0.5
   600 * 0.5 * 0.5 = 150
   command? divide 700 7
   700 / 7 = 100
   command? sqrt 25
   sqrt( 25 ) = 5
   command? sqrt -10
   ERROR!
   

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DUE: Wednesday 7/8

1. Write a C++ program to ask the user to input a single word (i.e. do not use getline() yet). Echo the word entered, then display the word in reverse. See below for output specifications.
2. Count the number of characters, the number of UPPERCASE letters, the number of lowercase letters, the number of vowels, and the number of digits. Display the results in the format below:

   Enter word: draw
   The word you entered is "draw"
   Your word in reverse is "ward"
   Your word contains 4 characters
   Your word contains 0 UPPERCASE letters
   Your word contains 4 lowercase letters
   Your word contains 1 vowel
   Your word contains 0 digits
   

3. Be sure to use correct grammar in your output (or else you'll looks like a dummy). In particular, if your count is 1, don't display "1 lowercase letters" in your output! Here's another example of the required output:

   Enter word: Day7
   The word you entered is "Day7"
   Your word in reverse is "7yaD"
   Your word contains 4 characters
   Your word contains 1 UPPERCASE letter
   Your word contains 2 lowercase letters
   Your word contains 1 vowel
   Your word contains 1 digit
   

4. Extend your program to determine if the word entered is a palindrome or not. A palindrome is a word that reads the same forwards and backwards. For example, the words "refer" and "radar" are palindromes. Your extended output should be as follows:

   Enter word: refer
   The word you entered is "refer"
   Your word in reverse is "refer"
   Your word is a palindrome
   Your word contains 5 characters
   Your word contains 0 UPPERCASE letters
   Your word contains 5 lowercase letters
   Your word contains 2 vowels
   Your word contains 0 digits
   

5. Extend your program to ask the user to also enter an entire sentence. Use the getline() function to read in the entire line. See below for output specifications.
6. Count the number of characters and the number of spaces. Display the results in the format below:

   Now type an entire sentence:
   Why does it say paper jam when there is no paper jam?
   You typed the following sentence:
     "Why does it say paper jam when there is no paper jam?"
   Your sentence contains 53 characters
   Your sentence contains 11 spaces
   

7. EXTRA CREDIT: Ignoring whitespace and punctuation, determine whether the sentence is a palindrome or not. Also ignore case (i.e. treat all letters as lowercase). Extended output follows:

   Now type an entire sentence:
   Murder for a jar of red rum.
   You typed the following sentence:
     "Murder for a jar of red rum"
   Your sentence contains 28 characters
   Your sentence contains 6 spaces
   Your sentence is a palindrome!
   

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DUE: Wednesday 7/15

1. Write a C++ program to ask the user to input exactly six grades in the range [0.0,10.0]. Validate each input and store each grade in an array. Use a loop to ensure the user enters six valid grades.
2. Make sure your output matches the following example (with sample user input in bold):

   Please enter six grades in the range [0.0,10.0].
   Grade #1: 8.5
   Grade #2: 7.5
   Grade #3: 9
   Grade #4: 19.9
   ERROR: Invalid grade. Please try again.
   Grade #4: 9.9
   Grade #5: 6.5
   Grade #6: -87.5
   ERROR: Invalid grade. Please try again.
   Grade #6: 8.5
   Thank you.
   

3. Use a loop to determine the lowest and highest grades. Display these results, as follows:

   The lowest grade entered was 6.5 (not very good).
   The highest grade entered was 9.9 (nice work).
   

4. Next, determine the average grade and display this to the user. Also calculate the average grade with the lowest grade dropped (and display this to the user). Your output should match the following:

   The average is 8.31667 (sounds average to me).
   Drop the lowest grade (6.5) and the average is 8.68 (better).
   

5. Next, display the grades in reverse order, as in:

   Grades in reverse order are 8.5 6.5 9.9 9 7.5 8.5
   

6. Finally, modify the above program to allow the user to repeatedly input grades until either 40 grades are entered or a sentinel value of -1.0 is entered. Sample output is shown below, with sample input in bold:

   Please enter grades in the range [0.0,10.0].  Enter -1.0 to end.
   Grade #1: 8.5
   Grade #2: 7.5
   Grade #3: 9
   Grade #4: 19.9
   ERROR: Invalid grade. Please try again.
   Grade #4: 9.9
   Grade #5: 6.5
   Grade #6: -87.5
   ERROR: Invalid grade. Please try again.
   Grade #6: 8.5
   Grade #7: 9.4
   Grade #8: -1.0
   Thank you.
   The lowest grade entered was 6.5 (not very good).
   The highest grade entered was 9.9 (nice work).
   The average is 8.47143 (sounds average to me).
   Drop the lowest grade (6.5) and the average is 8.8 (better).
   Grades in reverse order are 9.4 8.5 6.5 9.9 9 7.5 8.5
   

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DUE: Thursday 7/16

1. Write a C++ program to read data from a file and generate a report in an output file. Read all values from the die-rolls.txt text file.
2. Report to the user how many data points have been read, as in:

   Successfully read 74080 data points from the "die-rolls.txt" data file.
   

3. Create a histogram of the individual die rolls showing how many times a 1 was rolled, how many times a 2 was rolled, etc. Your output should be sent to an output file using the following format:

   Distribution for 74080 data points (each '>' counts as 500 rolls):
   
    6: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>   (11879)
    5: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>   (12981)
    4: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>   (11990)
    3: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>   (12947)
    2: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>   (12381)
    1: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>   (11902)
   
   

4. Next, create a separate program that reads from the die-rolls.txt text file and combines every two numbers as a dice roll (i.e. simulating the rolling of two dice).
5. Repeat the above steps to generate a histogram showing how many times a 2 was rolled, how many times a 3 was rolled, etc. Your output should be sent to an output file using the same format as above (though instead showing dice roll values 2 through 12).

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DUE: Tuesday 7/21

1. Write a C++ program that supports two-dimensional geometry. Start by asking the user for two endpoints of a line, then echo them back to the user in the following format (with sample user input shown in bold):

   Please enter the coordinates of point #1: 5.8 9.8
   Please enter the coordinates of point #2: 2 14.5
   You entered: (5.8, 9.8) and (2, 14.5)
   

2. Write a function that calculates the distance between these two points. Call this function from main() and display the result to the user, as in:

   The distance between these two points is: 6.04401
   

3. Write a function that calculates the slope (m) of the line. Call this function from main() and display the result to the user, as in:

   The slope of this line is: -1.23684
   

4. Write a function that determines the y-intercept (b) of the line for use in the equation y = mx + b. Call this function from main() and display the resulting equation using the following format:

   
   The equation of the line containing both of these points is:
   
           y = -1.23684x + 16.9737
   
   

5. Next, ask the user to input an x coordinate. Write a function that calculates y using the equation of a line. Display the y coordinate to the user, as in:

   Okay, enter an x coordinate: 87.8
   
           y = -91.6211
   
   

6. Finally, ask the user to input the coordinates of a point. Write a decision-making function that determines whether this point is on the line. Display the results to the user, as in:

   Please enter the coordinates of point #3: 87.8 -91.6211
   Yes, that point is on the line!
   

7. Test your code with multiple points and cases. Make sure your results make sense. Below is another test case:

   Please enter the coordinates of point #1: 18.8 12
   Please enter the coordinates of point #2: 14.2 -7
   You entered: (18.8, 12) and (14.2, -7)
   The distance between these two points is: 19.5489
   The slope of this line is: 4.13043
   
   The equation of the line containing both of these points is:
   
           y = 4.13043x - 65.6522
   
   Okay, enter an x coordinate: 582.5
   
           y = 2340.33
   
   Please enter the coordinates of point #3: 0.5 300
   No, that point is not on the line.
   

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DUE: Thursday 7/23

Write a C++ program that works with both functions and arrays.

1. Start this lab by creating an array of strings inside the main() function. The maximum size of the array should be 50 (be sure to define this using const).
2. Create a simple text file called names.txt and add a bunch of first names. Remember that cin reads words based on whitespace, so hyphenate names as necessary. Here's an example set of names to use:

   David
   John
   Mary
   Dave
   Frank
   Jon
   Mary-Anne
   Francis
   Brett
   Paula
   Jenna
   

3. Create a function called read_names() to read names from the specified filename into an array called names. The function should read names until the end of the file or the maximum number of names (specified by max_names) is read. This function returns an integer specifying the number of names successfully read in from the file. The function prototype is as follows:

   int read_names( string filename, string names[], int max_names );
   

4. Call the read_names() function from main(). In main(), display the number of names read, as in:

   Successfully read 11 names
   

5. Create a function called print_names() that displays the names in the given array. Note that the array must be passed in as an argument to the print_names() function.
6. Call the print_names() function from main(), producing the following (similar) output:

   NAMES: David John Mary Dave Frank Jon Mary-Anne Francis Brett Paula Jenna
   

7. Create a function called find_name() that searches the list for the given name, returning true if found, false otherwise.
8. In main(), ask the user to enter in a name (not necessarily one in the list read in). Call the find_name() function and display the result to the user, as in:

   Please enter a name to search for: Frank
   Yes, Frank is on the list.
   
   Please enter a name to search for: Mildred
   Nope, Mildred is not on the list.
   

9. Create a function called find_prefix() that searches the list for all names starting with the given prefix. Note that the search should be case-insensitive. Each name found should be displayed from within the function.
10. In main(), ask the user to enter the first few letters of a name. Call the find_prefix() function. Example output follows:

    Please enter a name prefix to search for: J
    FOUND: John, Jon, Jenna
    
    Please enter a name prefix to search for: Jo
    FOUND: John, Jon
    
    Please enter a name prefix to search for: Dav
    FOUND: David, Dave
    
    Please enter a name prefix to search for: dav
    FOUND: David, Dave
    
    Please enter a name prefix to search for: Geo
    FOUND: (none)
    

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DUE: Thursday 7/30

Write a C++ program that uses struct, arrays, and functions to simulate an online product catalog (be the next amazon.com!).

1. Start by creating your own data type (using struct) called product_type that contains the following:
   1. The product identifier, which is an integer in the range 1000-9999.
   2. The name of the product.
   3. The base cost of the product.
   4. A true/false bool value indicating whether the product is taxable or not.
2. Write a function called read_product_catalog() that opens and reads from the products.txt text file. Each product read in should be stored in an array (which is passed in to the function). Assume that the maximum number of products in the catalog is 20.
3. Call the read_product_catalog() function from main(), passing in an empty array of products. The function "populates" the array with products. Still in main(), display the following message:

   Successfully read in 17 products.
   

4. Display the products to the user by looping through the array of products. Your output must match this format:

   Here are the products to choose from:
   [ID:1200] notebook $1.99+tax
   [ID:1201] pencil $0.25+tax
   [ID:1202] pen $0.89+tax
   [ID:1203] backpack $12.50+tax
   [ID:2000] t-shirt $11.95 (no tax)
   [ID:2001] jeans $46.95 (no tax)
   ...
   

5. Ask the user to select an item to buy. S/he does so by entering an ID. Next, ask the user to enter the quantity, then calculate the cost. Here's an example (with user input shown in bold):

   Enter the ID of the product you'd like to purchase: 1201
   Great, how many "pencil" items would you like? 10
   Okay, the cost will be: $2.50+tax
   
   Enter the ID of the product you'd like to purchase: 2000
   Great, how many "t-shirt" items would you like? 2
   Okay, the cost will be: $23.90 (no tax)
   
   ...
   

6. Keep track of the user's order. To do so, create an order_type data type using struct, then store them in an array (you may assume no more than 10 items will be selected by the user).
7. When the user enters sentinel value 0 for the ID, your program should calculate the total cost, including tax on taxable items. Use a (const) tax rate of 8.25%. Display an order summary as follows:

   Enter the ID of the product you'd like to purchase: 0
   
   You ordered the following:
     pencil (10) $2.50+tax
     t-shirt (2) $23.90 (no tax)
   
   Your total without tax is: $26.40
   
   Your total with tax is: $26.61
   
   And shipping is always free.  :-)
   
   Thank you for your order!
   

8. Test your program thoroughly.

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DUE: Monday 8/3

Write a C++ program that uses functions to both sort and search an array of elements.

1. Write a function called read_names() that opens and reads from the names.txt text file. Each name should be stored in an array (which is passed in to the function). Assume that the maximum number of names is 30.
2. Call the read_names() function from main(), passing in an empty array of names. The function "populates" the array with names. Still in main(), display the following message:

   Successfully read in 21 names.
   

3. Write a function called sort_names() that sorts the given array of names. The function has no return value (i.e. it's a void function). Use the following sorting algorithm:

   For each array position 0 through length-1:
   
     a. Find the name closest to "A" in the array from the current position to the end
   
     b. Swap name at current position with name closest to "A" found
   
   
   In other words, swap the first name into its correct position, then swap the second
   name into its correct position, then swap the third name into its correct position, etc.
   
   

4. In main(), pass the array of names to the sort_names() function. Display results in main(), as in:

   Successfully sorted the list of names:
     Brett
     Dave
     David
     Deanna
     Edie
     Francis
     Frank
     Franklin
     George
     Helen
     Hubert
     Jackie
     Jenna
     John
     John
     Jon
     Lois
     Luke
     Mary
     Mary-Anne
     Paula
   
   

5. Write a function called binary_search() that searches the given array of sorted names for a specific name. The function returns either true or false.
6. In main(), ask the user to enter a name, then pass the name and the array of names to the binary_search() function. Display results in main(), as in:

   Enter a name to search for: Deanna
   Found Deanna in the list.
   
   Enter a name to search for: Greg
   Sorry, Greg is not in the list.
   
   

7. Test your program thoroughly.